Radio
It is at the weak end, low energy and long wavelength.
Microwave
These can cause entire molecules to resonate. This resonance causes heating.
Infra-Red
This makes chemical bonds resonate. When a chemical bond resonates, the vibrations become the "internal energy" of the molecule. The bulk substance becomes hot when its molecules' bonds are all resonating. The heating depends on how violent the resonation is.
Visible ight
This is scattered or reflected light, by seeing the scattered or reflected light, we can infer the existence of the object.
Ultraviolet
This is light too blue to be seen. It is made useful for astronomy by dying probes which detect UV in stars. UV can break chemical bonds. Certain chemicals will not react without ultra-violet. It can make a mess of DNA, causing cell death and uncontrolled cell reproduction.
X-rays
They are useful for seeing through some things, as in high energy physics and astronomy. Black holes and neutron stars emit x-rays.
Gamma rays
These are the highest energy photons, having no limit to their infinitesimal wavelength. They are useful to astronomers in the study of high energy objects or regions because of their penetrative ability.
Note that there is no clear distinction between any form of electromagnetic radiation and those either side of it. They just gain more character of one and lose character of the other gradually.
Light
Light is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength that is visible to the human eye (about 400–700 nm). The word light refers to the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Light is composed of elementary particles called photons. Light can exhibit properties of both waves and particles. This property is referred to as wave-particle duality. The study of light known as optics, is an important research area in modern physics.
Indian theories
Between the 6th and the 7th century BC, Indian philosophers developed theories on light as being one of the five fundamental "subtle" elements out of which emerge the gross elements. The atomicity of these elements was not specifically mentioned but they were actually taken to be continuous. The basic atoms are those of earth, water, fire, and air. These atoms were taken to form binary molecules that combine further to form larger molecules. Light rays were taken to be a stream of high velocity of fire atoms. The particles of light can exhibit different characteristics depending on the speed and the arrangements of the fire atoms. Around the first century BC, sunlight was referred to as the "the seven rays of the sun". Later in 499 it was proposed that the planets and the Moon do not have their own light but reflect the light of the Sun. The Indian Buddhist, around the 5th century developed a type of atomism that is a philosophy about reality being composed of atomic entities that are momentary flashes of light or energy. They viewed light as being an atomic entity equivalent to energy, similar to the modern concept of photons, though they also viewed all matter as being composed of these light/energy particles.
Optics
Optics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter. Optics can be regarded as a sub-field of electromagnetism. The field of optics usually describes the behavior of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light; however because light is an electromagnetic wave, analogous phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, radio waves, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Some optical phenomena depend on the quantum nature of light relating some areas of optics to quantum mechanics. In practice, the vast majority of optical phenomena can be accounted for using the electromagnetic description of light, as described by Maxwell’s Equations.
Optical theory
The Muslim scientist Ibn Al Haytham (965-1040), in his Book of Optics, developed a broad theory that explained vision, using geometry and anatomy, Al-Haytham correctly argued that we see objects because the sun's rays of light, which he believed to be streams of tiny particles travelling in straight lines, are reflected from objects into our eyes. He considered that each point on an illuminated area or object radiates light rays in every direction, but that only one ray from each point, which strikes the eye perpendicularly, can be seen. The other rays strike at different angles and are not seen. He understood that light must travel at a large but finite velocity, and that refraction is caused by the velocity being different in different substances and went on to discover the laws of refraction. He also carried out the first experiments on the dispersion of light into its constituent colors. His theory contradicted Ptolemy's theory of vision that objects are seen by rays of light emanating from the eyes. He described the pinhole camera and invented the camera which produces an inverted image, and used it as an example to support his argument. His major work Kitab al-Manazir was translated into Latin in the Middle Ages, as well his book dealing with the colors of sunset. He dealt at length with the theory of various physical phenomena like shadows, eclipses, and the rainbow. He also attempted to explain binocular vision, and gave a correct explanation of the apparent increase in size of the sun and the moon when near the horizon. Because of his extensive research on optics, Al-Haytham is considered the father of modern optics.
The visible spectrum
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye, it is called visible light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths in air from about 380 to 750 nm. Wavelengths visible to the eye also pass through the "optical window", the region of the electromagnetic spectrum which passes largely un attenuated through the Earth’s atmosphere. The "visible window" is so called because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum; the near infrared windows lie just out of human response window, and the Medium Wavelength and Long Wavelength or Far Infrared are far beyond the human response region. The eyes of many species perceive wavelengths different from the spectrum visible to the human eye. For example, many insects, such as bees, can see light in the ultraviolet, which is useful for finding nectar in flowers. Newton used the word spectrum in describing his experiment in optics. Newton observed that, when a narrow beam of sunlight strikes the face of a glass prism at an angle, some is reflected and some of the beam passes into and through the glass, emerging as different colored bands. Newton hypothesized that light was made up of particles of different colors, and that the different colors of light moved at different speeds in transparent matter, with red light moving more quickly in glass than violet light. The result is that red light was bent (refracted) less sharply than violet light as it passed through the prism, creating a spectrum of colors. Newton divided the spectrum into seven named colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. He chose seven colors out of a belief, derived from the ancient Greek sophists, that there was a connection between the colors, the musical notes, the known objects in the solar system, and the days of the week. All light travels at the same speed in a vacuum. The speed of light within a material is lower than the speed of light in a vacuum, and the ratio of speeds is known as the refractive index of the material. Because the refractive index (and thus the speed) of a wave in a material depends on its frequency (in accordance with a dispersion relation), light consisting of multiple frequencies—for instance white light—will be dispersed at the interface between the material and air or vacuum. Both water and glass can be used to demonstrate dispersion; a glass prism yields an optical spectrum from white light, and rainbows are an ideal example of natural refraction of the visible spectrum.
Spectroscopy
The scientific study of objects based on the spectrum of the light they emit is called spectroscopy. In astronomy, spectroscopy is essential for analyzing the properties of distant objects. Astronomical spectroscopy utilizes high-dispersion diffraction gratings to observe spectra at very high spectral resolutions. Helium was first detected through an analysis of the spectrum of the Sun; chemical elements can be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines; the shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the redshift or blueshiftt of distant or fast-moving objects. By analyzing the Doppler shift of stars, some exoplanets were discovered at such a high resolution that variations in their radial velocity as small as a few meters per second could be detected: the presence of planets was revealed by their gravitational influence on the stars analyzed, as revealed by their motion paths.
Rainbow
Rainbows are optical and meteorological phenomena that cause a spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the Sun shines onto droplets of moisture in the Earth`s atmosphere. They take the form of a multicolored arch, with red on the outer part of the arch and violet on the inner section of the arch. A rainbow spans a continuous spectrum of colors. Traditionally, however, the sequence of colors is quantized. The most commonly cited and remembered sequence is Newton`s sevenfold red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
Rainbows in mythology
The rainbow has a place in legend owing to its beauty and the historical difficulty in explaining the phenomenon.
In Norse Mythology, a rainbow called the Bifröst Bridge connects the realms of Ásgard and Midgard, homes of the gods and humans, respectively.
In Greek mythology, the rainbow was considered to be a path made by a messenger (Iris) between Earth and Heaven.
Another ancient and accurate portrayal of the rainbow is given in the Epic of Gilgamesh: the rainbow is the literal “jeweled necklace of the Great Mother Ishtar” that She lifts into the sky as a promise that She “will never forget these days of the great flood” that destroyed her children. This is an accurate portrayal, as each life-giving droplet of rain could be interpreted as a precious diamond, and when sunlight is refracted through each of these millions of “diamond” prisms, a rainbow is formed. (The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet Eleven).
Chakras
There is a wide literature on chakra models, philosophy, and lore that underpin many philosophical systems and spiritual energy practices, religious observance, and personal discipline. Theories on chakras fit within systems that link the human body and mind into a single unit, sometimes called the 'bodymind'. The philosophical theories and models of chakras as centers of energy were first codified in Ancient India.
A chakra is a center of activity that receives, assimilates, and expresses life force energy. The word chakra literally translates as wheel or disk and refers to a spinning sphere of bio-energetic activity emanating from the major nerve ganglia branching forward from the spinal column. There are six of these wheels stacked in a column of energy that spans from the base of the spine to the middle of the forehead, and the seventh which is beyond the physical region. It is the six major chakras that correlate with basic states of consciousness. In Chinese medicine, traditional chakra locations correspond to acupuncture points. In some Eastern thought, chakras are considered to be gradations of consciousness and reflect states of the soul--these systems rely less on proof than on experience (under the assumption that 'proving' the existence of chakras is asking to 'prove' the existence of the thought process). A mystic may deal with chakra as a model for their internal and external experience, and when talking about 'energy centers', may be talking about subtle forces which connect to the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual aspects of a person.
The Seven Chakras
The seven energy centers of the body are sometimes described with particular sounds, colors that supposedly accompany each charka, are vital energy centers where spiritual energy flows into the body. They are located in line with the spine. Each energy center contains information relating to different aspects of being. They start at the lower body, reproductive parts, navel, heart, throat, eyebrow or forehead and top of head.
Auras and Kirlian Photography
The principle behind the existence of auras is that all mental activity is an electromagnetic field surrounding living creatures. The colors of the Aura, which is connected with the activity of the chakra, reflect the individual state of consciousness emotions, thoughts and the vital energies of a person. Each color signifies a certain vibration which indicates a precise emotional state. Auras are also thought to be special shields with a defensive power. Auras are thought to be related to the etheric subtle body and to serve as a visual measure of the state of the health of the physical body. Auras are not thought to be actual light but a translation of other unknown sensory readings that is added to our visual processing.
In 1939, Semyon Kirlian discovered that if a body is subjected to a high-voltage electric field, an image is created on the plate, that image looks like a colored halo. This halo is thought to be the "life force" which surrounds each living thing. What is recorded is due to natural phenomena such as pressure, electricity, humidity and temperature changes. Changes in these may reflect changes in emotions and produce different 'auras. When the image is taken, the moisture in the living object is transferred to the emulsion surface of the photographic film and causes an alternation of the electric charge pattern on the film. People’s auras can be useful tools in investigating ill regions. Energy medicine uses technologies to detect cancer tumors and other diseases. Studies also revealed that infrared radiation is heightened by negative feelings like anger. In such studies on individuals performing meditation or prayer, it was found that infrared radiation was diminished in those individuals, and their ultraviolet increased. During prayer the aura in general improved; energy channeling is regained in regions previously congested. Ultraviolet has a shielding property against infra red radiation.
Seven cervical vertebrae
It is worth noting that almost all mammals have seven cervical (or neck) vertebrae, no matter how long the neck, including giraffes, horses, hippos, whales and humans.
017.013 And to each person We fastened his bird to his neck and We bring out for him on the day of judgment a book which he shall find spread.
017.014 Read your book, yourself suffices today as your reckoner.
The eyes of the cock and the donkey
A Muslim doctor at an optics research centre in the United States, was lead by a saying of prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to investigate the difference between cocks’ and donkey’s eyes.
The Prophet peace be upon him said, "When you hear the crowing of cocks, ask for Allah's Blessings for (their crowing indicates that) they have seen an angel. And when you hear the braying of donkeys, seek Refuge with Allah from Satan for (their braying indicates) that they have seen a Satan." (Book #54, Hadith #522)
The researcher found that the cock’s eye can detect ultraviolet light, while the donkey’s detects infrared.
The Angels were created from light, and the Jinn were created from fire, and Adam was created from what was described to you. Muslim, No. 2996
007.027 O Children of Adam, let not Satan seduce you, as he got your parents out of the Garden, stripping them of their raiment, to expose their shame, for he and his tribe see you from where you cannot see them. We have made the evil ones guardians to those who do not believe.
555-“Angels come to you in succession by night and day, and all of them get together at the time of the fajr (Dawn) and ‘asr (Afternoon) prayers, then those who have passed the night with you ascend to heaven, and Allah asks them, though He knows everything about them:” In what state did you leave my slaves? ”The angels reply: when we left them they were praying, and when we reached them they were praying”.
“If anyone amongst you performs the ablution, and then completes the ablution well and then says: I testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the servant of Allah and His Messenger, the eight gates of Paradise would be opened for him and he may enter by whichever of them he wishes.” (Muslim, Book 002, Number 0451)
“Heaven is closer to one of you than his shoe lace, and hell is so also”. (Al Bukhari No. 6488)
“By Him In whose hand my life is, paradise and hell were displayed before me across this wall, while I was praying. And I never saw like today, of good and evil”. Bukhari: 7294
069.038,039 I do not swear by what you see – and what you do not see.
056.083 When it reaches the throat.
056.084 And you are then looking.
056.085 And We are nearer to him than you but you do not see.
Our Lord complete for us our light
066.008 O you who believe, turn to Allah a sincere turning; may your Lord remit from you your evil deeds and cause you to enter gardens beneath which rivers flow, the day that Allah will not abase the Prophet and those who believed with him; their light shall run on before them and by their right hands; they shall say: Our Lord, complete for us our light, and grant us protection, surely You have power over all things.
March, 31, 2008
Prayer Is Light
God swears by the Dawn (Al-Fajr 89)
In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful.
089.001 By the Dawn.
089.002 And ten nights.
089.003 And the even and the odd.
089.004 And the Night as it passes away.
089.005 Is there in that an oath for one with understanding?
Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "Angels come to you in succession by night and day and all of them get together at the time of the fajr (Dawn) and 'asr (Late afternoon) prayers. Those who have passed the night with you (or stayed with you) ascend (to the Heaven) and Allah asks them, though He knows everything about you, well, "In what state did you leave my slaves?" The angels reply: "When we left them they were praying and when we reached them, they were praying." (Book #10, Hadith #530)
Narrated Jarir bin 'Abdullah: We were with the Prophet on a full moon night. He looked at the moon and said, "You will certainly see your Lord as you see this moon, and there will be no trouble in seeing Him. So if you can avoid missing (through sleep, business, etc.) a prayer before the rising of the sun (fajr) and before its setting ('asr) you must do so. He (the Prophet) then recited the following verse: and celebrate the praises Of Your Lord before The rising of the sun and before (its) setting." (50.39) (Book #10, Hadith #547)
Narrated Abu Bakr bin Abi Musa: My father said, "Allah's Apostle said, 'Whoever prays the two cool prayers ('asr and fajr) enters Paradise.' “(Book #10, Hadith #548)
New research from Japan found that from Spring through Fall, Ultraviolet exposure to the eye during early morning and late afternoon was approximately double that of the mid-morning/early afternoon period most often thought of as peak sun exposure time.
http://eye.taragana.net/archive/uv-exposure-to-the-eye-on-early-morning-and-late-afternoon-is-almost-double/
Most scientific material from Wikipedia, with thanks.
May, 9, 2008
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