Indication Of Anisotropy In Electromagnetic Propagation Over Cosmological Distances
TheFunnel-Shaped Universe
The Universal Tawaf
TRUMPET UNIVERSE
The lack of concern from Islamic authorities and universities lead me to contact Western Universities. Ulm and Berlin universities in Germany were among the few universities in Germany, Canada the United States that I contacted starting from the end of 2003. At Ulm University, I wrote to the heads of departments of Theoretical, Quantum and Mathematical Physics, among them were Professor Wolfgang Schleich, and Professor Steiner. I asked if the trumpet shape can be proven mathematically. My letter was sent to a physics magazine, and in two days they wrote back saying that although the content is interesting, it is not suitable for physics magazines. They advised to keep trying with Islamic universities. Trumpet Universe is a great miracle of the Quran that was buried alive by the Scientific Committee of The Miracles of The Holy Quran for some reasons. Trumpet Universe brought many theories together and the Universal Axis Theory found it’s true place that it had been seeking since its discovery in 1997.
THE UNIVERSE HAS AN AXIS
The Universe has an Axis, a discovery made in 1997 by Professors Borge Nodland and John P. Ralston, means that the Cosmos is rotating around the black hole at the center of the universe, and that all galaxies and their black holes or axes rotate around a common centre. And everything in the Trumpet universe from atoms to galaxies follows one spiraling path and direction, anti clock wise like the Meccan tawaf.
In their search for galaxy super clusters, astronomers found that red shift catalogues offer evidence of super clusters spreading on a scale of around 400 million light years. In 1994, studies revealed that galaxies spread in a uniform distribution moving in a steady velocity all in the same direction in a unified speed of nearly 700 kilometers per second. The universe evolves like a super galaxy formation, a flat disc rotating in one uniform movement around an axis. There has been some evidence that anti clockwise rotation is a favored direction in the universe. Does the universe rotate anti clockwise for a reason? Prof. Hayasaka at Toohoku University had been studying the effect of rotation on gravitational force when he wrote a report which concluded that a right-spinning gyro lost some of its weight, while a left spinning gyro did not. His experiments proved that a gyro spinning clockwise reduced the gravitational force.
In January 1995, while studying the polarization of radio waves from 160 distant galaxies, physicists Borge Nodland and John Ralston reported finding a kind of "cosmological north star" orienting the universe, they said that space may be oriented along an axis, determining how light travels through it. The two physicists reported their finding an evidence of a systematic rotation of the plane of polarization of electromagnetic radiation propagating over cosmological distances. In addition to the Faraday Effect, they found that rotation varies consistently with the angle across the sky, as if the universe had an axis. That finding indicated the possibility of the existence of “domain walls” between different realms of the cosmos, as had been proposed by certain particle physics theories. Their data indicated that light travels through space at two slightly different speeds and that Light traveling across the heavens undergoes one full rotation of its plane of polarization about once in a billion years. The anisotropy direction disclosed itself as that orientation of the needle of a cosmic compass around which the polarization plane of electromagnetic radiation twists as it journeys through the fabric of space. It looked as if vacuum itself was displaying a form of electromagnetic anisotropy. The two physicists said that there seemed to be an axis, a kind of cosmological North Star orienting the universe, but they did not know what that axis represents. The universal axis discovery explained the arrow of time theory and proved that there is 'up' and 'down' in space.
Earlier studies had suggested that space is not isotropic, that there is a preferred direction in space. The notion of anisotropy dates to 1946, when G. Gamow pointed out the presence of rotation of large accumulations of matter. The rotation of stars was thought to originate from the rotating spiral arms of the protogalaxy that the stars formed from, but whose origin is unknown. Gamow proposed that the origin lies in some type of "universal rotation" about some axis along a certain direction in space. And in 1949, K. Gödel at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, showed that anisotropic solutions of A. Einstein's field equations of general relativity exist. His solution was equivalent to a rotation of matter relative to what he named "the compass of inertia" of the universe. In 1982, P. Birch studied the polarization of electromagnetic radiation from various galaxies; he found evidence of a universal rotation. And investigations of anisotropy and rotational asymmetry have followed in 1993 by Ahluwalia and Goldman, Kendall and Young in 1984 and Sachs in 1989.
“In the April 21 issue of Physical Review Letters, Rochester physicist Borge Nodland and colleague John Ralston report finding a kind of "cosmological north star" orienting the universe. Instead of a uniformly expanding universe, the authors say, space, like Earth, may be oriented along an axis, determining how light travels through it.”
"The big news is that perhaps not all space is equal, for as far back as we can peer in time," says Nodland, a research fellow at the Theory Center for Optical Science and Engineering. "This work defies the notion that there is no 'up' or 'down' in space." Co-investigator Ralston says, "The shocking thing about our result is that there seems to be an absolute axis, a kind of cosmological North Star that orients the universe. We don't really know yet what this axis represents."
“The two physicists were studying the polarization of radio waves from 160 distant galaxies when they discovered that, depending on the distance and direction of the source, the plane of the polarization rotated like a corkscrew as the radiation traveled through space--an effect crudely analogous to the twisting and turning of light as it travels through certain kinds of crystal.”
“Though the cause of the corkscrew effect remains unknown, the team has constructed a mathematical theory. The data indicate that light actually travels through space at two slightly different speeds. Such a mismatch in speeds would cause the polarization plane to rotate in a manner well known to scientists--in a way that physics students observe when they pass light through corn syrup and view it with polarizing filters. The corkscrew effect found by Nodland and Ralston is far more subtle, however: Light traveling across the heavens undergoes one full rotation of its plane of polarization about once in a billion years.”
“The theory has provoked heated controversy. If found to be correct, it could alter the way physicists view the birth of the universe and Einstein's theory of relativity, which assumes that the universe is directionless. The work could even provide some of the first experimental evidence for physicists who theorize that other universes exist. If our universe was asymmetric at creation, and if symmetry in the cosmos is maintained as many physicists believe, then another universe with an opposite twist may have been created simultaneously. Says Nodland: Perhaps it was not a perfect Big Bang, but a Big Bang with a twist to space and time."
“The fundamental notion of anisotropy is unconventional, but not new. In 1946, G. Gamow pointed out the ubiquitous presence of rotation of successively larger accumulations of matter, such as planets, stars, and galaxies [Gamow, 1946]. The rotation of stars presumably originated from the rotating spiral arms of the protogalaxy that the stars formed from, but what is the origin of the galactic rotation? Gamow proposed that the origin lies in some type of "universal rotation" about some axis along a certain direction in space. This implies that space is anisotropic, or inequivalent with respect to directions. And in 1949, K. Gödel at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, showed that anisotropic solutions of A. Einstein's field equations of general relativity exist [Gödel, 1949]. His solution was equivalent to a rotation of matter relative to what he named "the compass of inertia" of the universe.”
“This article conveys the gist of an analysis of electromagnetic data that could lead to a paradigm shift in the science of Physics. It exemplifies the historic fact that our physical world never ceases to reveal itself as more complex than previously thought. It has instigated several physicists to study it - and its consequences - in more detail.
An alignment in the cosmos? The red line running between the constellations Aquila and Sextans, with Earth at its center, indicates a special direction in space. The polarization of radio waves emitted by galaxy A, which lies nearly parallel to this axis, rotates more (green corkscrew) on the journey toward Earth than does the polarization of radio waves from galaxy B (blue), which lies in a nearly perpendicular direction. Nodland
Anisotropy Axis
Anisotropy Cone
As in any analysis of experimental data, analysis of the synchrotron radiation data pinpointed only approximately the orientation of the anisotropy axis. We found that the data strongly indicated that the anisotropy axis lies within an "anisotropy cone" that has its vertex at Earth, its central axis pointing from Earth to Sextans, and its surface making a 20 degree angle with the central axis. The data provided no support for an anisotropy vector pointing anywhere outside this cone. In the opposite direction, from Earth to Aquila, the same axis is confined within a similar cone, so that the anisotropy cone is really a "double cone."
“We found that the data strongly indicated that the anisotropy axis lies within an "anisotropy cone" that has its vertex at Earth, its central axis pointing from Earth to Sextans, and its surface making a 20 degree angle with the central axis. The data provided no support for an anisotropy vector pointing anywhere outside this cone. In the opposite direction, from Earth to Aquila, the same axis is confined within a similar cone, so that the anisotropy cone is really a "double cone."
“In a curious way, the anisotropy direction reveals itself as that orientation of the needle of a cosmic compass around which the polarization plane of electromagnetic radiation twists the most as the radiation journeys through the fabric of space. It is interesting to note that the constellation Sextans stands for the sextant, the ancient navigational instrument by which seafarers would orient themselves. Aquila, by the way, is the messenger from Heaven - the mythological Eagle leading souls to immortality.”
“Since the new polarization rotation we observe has such a systematic dependence on the direction of travel of the radiation, it is implausible that it is generated by cosmic ions and fields via some mechanism similar to the Faraday effect, or some other effect that depends on physical matter in the Universe. One may therefore surmise that it is Vacuum itself that flaunts a form of electromagnetic anisotropy - similar to the anisotropy exhibited by many crystals.”
“In the language of the Quantum Field Theory branch of Physics, one can show that the residual polarization rotation can be generated by a coupling of the so-called "electromagnetic field tensor" to a new, four-dimensional vacuum field, whose "spatial part" is the anisotropy vector we discovered. Furthermore, when subjected to coordinate transformations such as "time reversal" and "space inversion," this new field behaves in the same manner that the intrinsic spin of an atom or elementary particle does, when the atom or particle is subjected to such transformations. One may therefore affix some sort of "spin" to the new vacuum field.”
Number 317, April 17, 1997 by Phillip F. Schewe and Ben Stein
“….. Now two researchers, Borge Nodland at the University of Rochester, and John Ralston at the University of Kansas, have studied polarization rotation data for 160 galaxies and have perceived that in addition to the Faraday effect, there seems to be an extra mysterious angular dependency at work. Indeed, the rotation varies consistently with the angle across the sky, as if the universe had an axis…..”
“……One possible explanation might be the existence of "domain walls" between different realms of the cosmos, as prescribed in certain particle physics theories…..”
INDICATION OF ANISOTROPY IN ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION OVER COSMOLOGICAL DISTANCES
Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3043 - 3046 (1997)
Received 12 January 1995; revised 22 July 1996
“We report a systematic rotation of the plane of polarization of electromagnetic radiation propagating over cosmological distances. The effect is extracted independently from Faraday rotation, and found to be correlated with the angular positions and distances to the sources. Monte Carlo analysis yields probabilistic P values of order 10-3 for this to occur as a fluctuation. A fit yields a birefringence scale of order 1025h0 / h m. Dependence on redshift z rules out a local effect. Barring hidden systematic bias in the data, the correlation indicates a new cosmological effect”
Borge Nodland Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rochester Theory Center for Optical Science and Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
John P. Ralston Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Kansas Institute for Theoretical and Computational Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044
In April 2004, major scientific magazines carried the news that Ulm University has discovered that the universe has the shape of a funnel, based on the study of the background microwave radiation. According to Frank Steiner from Ulm University in Germany, new observations point out that the universe is stretched out like a funnel, which could also imply that the universe is finite.A model that could also explain the pattern of hot and cold spots in the cosmic microwave background radiation, which are elliptical rather than circular, as it was thought previously that the universe was a sphere, but the elliptical spots would support a negative curvature like the one in the funnel shaped universe. This model also cancelled the "cosmological principle", as was previously thought since Newton that all parts of the cosmos are similar.
Tawaf' (the ritual encircling of the Kaaba) is performed by pilgrims who circle the Kaaba seven times, with the Kaaba to their left in anti-clockwise direction.
Ibrahim’s Call for Hajj
022.026And when We assigned to Ibrahim the place of the House, that: Do not associate with Me, and purify My House for those who make the round and those who wait to pray and those who bow and prostrate themselves.
022.027And call unto mankind to the Pilgrimage; they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel, coming from every remote path,
002.127And when Ibrahim and Ismail were raising the foundations of the House: Our Lord accept from us; surely You are the Hearing, the Knowing:
002.128Our Lord and make us both Muslims (submissive) to You and from our offspring a nation Muslim (submitting) to You, and show us our ways of devotion and turn to us (in mercy), surely You are the Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful.
002.129Our Lord! and raise up in them a Messenger from among them who shall recite to them your signs and teach them the Book and the wisdom, and purify them; surely You are the Mighty, the Wise.
Muhammad’s Qibla
002.144We do see the turning of your face in the sky, verily We shall make you turn toward a Qibla which is dear to you. So turn your face toward the sacred mosque, and wherever you were turn your faces toward it and those who were given the book know that it is the truth from their Lord and Allah is not unmindful of what they do.
The Kaaba in the seventh heaven
The legend of this development of a sacred stone structure dates back to the fall of Adam peace be upon him from Paradise onto earth at Makkah. It has been reported by Al-Tabari that Gabriel peace be upon him flapped his wings to uncover a foundation laid in the seventh fold of the earth. Angels paved this foundation with stones and Adam went round this structure following the example of the Angels. It is said that the Kaaba is a prototype of Al-Bait-al-Ma'mur, a house in the seventh Heaven situated immediately over the Kaaba. The Kaaba, although seen to a certain height, reaches up to the heavens and right down to the earth's bottom.
Right above this Kaaba
The Prophet of Mercy Muhammad peace be upon him narrated of his holy visit to the Seventh Heaven:
“This Al-Bait-al-Ma'mur is a highly revered building in the Seventh Heaven. It is of the same size as the revered Kaaba which stands upon the earth and it is situated right above it. Were it to be let down from the Heavens, it would land right on top of the Kaaba.” Al Albani. 1/859
Visited by 70.000 angels daily
Then we ascended to the seventh heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in the previous heavens. There I met and greeted Abraham who said, 'You are welcomed o son and a Prophet.' Then I was shown Al-Bait-al-Ma'mur (i.e. Allah's House). I asked Gabriel about it and he said, this is Al Bait-al-Ma'mur where 70,000 angels perform prayers daily and when they leave they never return to it.(Book #54, Hadith #429)
The entire universe from atoms to galaxies is in constant circular rotation as the tawaf, in the anti-clockwise direction.
